People Exposed to Climate Change: Brazil
December 2024 to February 2025
Temperature anomalies
- More than 54.8 million people across Espírito Santo, Roraima, and São Paulo experienced average temperatures that were 0.5°C above the 1991-2020 normal.
Top 10 Brazilian States with the Highest Average Temperature Anomalies
Days with unusual heat made twice as likely by climate change
- Over the last three months, more than 193 million people across 23 Brazilian states experienced daily average temperatures that were strongly influenced by climate change (defined as CSI 2 or higher) for at least one-third of the season (30 or more days).
Top 10 Brazilian States with the Most Unusual Heat Added by Climate Change
Risky heat days added by climate change
Risky heat days are days with temperatures hotter than 90% of temperatures observed in a local area over the 1991-2020 period. Heat-related health risks rise when temperatures climb above this local threshold. This is a conservative approximation of the local minimum mortality temperature (MMT), an indicator of the local links between temperature and mortality — this is based on peer-reviewed research published by Tobias et al. (2021) and Gasparrini et al. (2015).
- From December 2024-February 2025, the average Brazilian experienced 17 risky heat days, 14 of which were added by climate change.
Top 10 Brazilian States with the Most Risky Heat Days Added by Climate Change
Cities experiencing the most heat
- More than 3.1 million people living in the Brazilian cities of Santos and Campinas experienced the highest average temperature anomalies, each 0.5°C above their 1991-2020 normals.